Ice-machine.



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No. 665,000. -PatentB-d Ian. I, I90I.

- T. GRANT.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS GRANT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO HARTWIG A. OOHEN,-OF DALAMAR, NEVADA.

ICE-MACHINE..

SPEGIFIGATON forming part of Letters Patent N o. 665,000, dated January i, 1901. l

Appiimion filed July 25, 1899.

To wZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS GRANT,a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of the borough of Richmond, New Yorkfcity, 'in they county of Richmond and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ice-Machines, of which Athe following is a specification.

The object of my invention is the production of an apparatus for refrigeration and ice-making, and inl addition to its novel features is very simple in construction, eliminating parts heretofore used in apparatus of this type. Its operation depends upon the cooling effects obtained`by the expansion of With my apparatus air or other gas or vapor is first compressed, then cooled to its initial temperature before compression, and, lastly, allowed to expand While performing mechanical work, thereby lowering the temperature of the expanded air, gas, or vapor without generatingheat due to frictional resistances.

My invention is particularly designed for the use of air, although any other gas or vapor or other refrigerant can be used, and to make the device efficient for ordinary air `it is constructed to employ the air at high pressures to obtain the greatest cooling effects with small apparatus by the Well-known principle that with the same number of expansions the cooling effect increases with the rise of the initial and terminal pressures of the air, gas, or vapor employed.

My device consists, essentially, of a singlecylinder compound compressor, a single-cylinder compound expander, a cooler, and suitable means to drive the machine, employing also the mechanical work performed'in the expander during expansion to assist in propelling the apparatus.

To these ends my invention consists of the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings, described in the specification, and pointed out in the claim herewith.

Figure l shows an elevation of my ice-machine. Fig. 2 represents a planof the machine. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on line A B of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 shows an end elevation of the ice-machine. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section and elevation of the cooler, the sec- Seral No. 725,039- (No model.)

tion being taken on the line C D of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 shows a section of the cooler, taken on line E F- of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 represents a vertical longitudinal section of the compressor, taken on line Gr' H' of Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-section of the compressor, taken on line I' J of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 shows a detail top view of the cross-head. Fig. 10 is an elevation of 'the cross-head. Fig. l1 is a section of expander on line K L of Fig. l2. Fig. l2 represents a horizontal section of the expander, taken on line M N of Fig. 3. Fig. `13 shows a horizontal section of expandervalve through its axis.

Referring to the drawings, my. invention isshown to consist, essentially, ofA a singlecylinder compound compressor A, a singlecylinder compound expander B, a coolerO,a bed-,plate D, pillow-blocks Eand F, a scotchyoke G, a cross-head H, a heart-shaped cam I, a roller J, a spindle L, with forked end Z, a cross-bar M, asupporting-lever N, ally-wheel or pulley O, connecting-pipes P, R, and S, and a crank-shaft T.

The compressor consists, essentially, of the water-jacketed cylinder A; the hollow transfer-piston A2, with the transfer-valve a.' held in place against the large diameter L12 of the piston by the follower-ring d10, with bolts an; the inlet-Valve a4, held in placeby retainingplate c5, the valve being secured by tightening the retaining-plate a5 against the back cylinder-headA by the nut m12; the cylinder-head A3, with inlet-opening a2 and reservoir @14, and the outlet-valve a7, with ring-cage a6, outletopening p, and flanged packing a2, the valve a7 and packing a being held in place by the cylinder-head A4 and internal flange of cylinder 0.15. The cylinder-head A4 is extended, as shown, to guide the piston A2. A divisionplate (L16 is cast in the piston, which,'with the pipes 0,17, allows a circulation of water therein.

The expander is shown toconsist, essentially, of the cylinder B, cast with the valvechest B3 the piston B2, with cup-shaped packing h5 held in placeby the follower-ring Z117 and bolts Z918; the valve'B, consisting of two portions Z919 and h2o, secured on the valve-rod Z912, with an inlet-port at he, an exhaust-port at hl, and a transfer-opening at bs, cup-shaped leather packings at b21, h22,and 622; loose col- IOO lars b3() and Z231, nut Z932, and collar Z333, between the two latter of which the parts of the valve are adjustable; an exhaust-opening bw, communicating with exhaust-cavity b4; an inletopening at b9; ports b2 and h3, connecting cylinder B with valve-chest B3; bonnet B7, with extended throat to guide the piston, and flanged packing Z924, held in place between the bonnet BT and cylinder-head B5.

The compressor A is shown bolted to the bed-plate D by the bolts as, and the expander B is secured to the same bed-plate by the bolts Z911.

The pillowblocks E and F are cast with the bed-plate.

The scotch-yoke Gis keyed to the piston A5a by the key :1; and bolted to the piston B2 by means of the rod Z915 and nuts Z714 and 515. It travels on the planed portion of the bedplate D, between guides d', which are bolted to the bed-plate by the bolts d2. The adjustable cross-head H operates in the scotch-yoke G.

To the crank-shaft T is keyed the heartshaped cam I, which through the roller J, journaled in the forked end Z of the spindle L, actuates through the cross-bar M the valverod D12. The lever N is journaled to the bedplate D by means of the spindle n, and its oiice is to support the spindle L. A spring b1 actuates the spindle L, and consequently brings the roller J against the heart-shaped cam I.

The cooler C is bolted to the frame D by means of the bolts c through the flange c', and, referring to Figs. 5 and 6, the cooler is shown to consist, essentially, of the heads C2, pipe C3, and tubes c4. Bonnets c5 are bolted to the heads. The opening c6 leads to the inside of the tubes, and the opening c5 connects with the outside of the tubes to allow water circulation. A pipe P connects air-outlet opening p of the compressor with inlet-opening c6 of the cooler, and pipe Rconnects outlet-opening o7 of the cooler with inlet-opening b9 of the expander.

In operating my machine it is used on a closed cycle and the air to be compressed enters the compressor at the inlet opening a3, fills the reservoir a, and is drawn into the cylinder in the space contained between the retaining-plate a5 and the enlarged head 0.12 of the piston by reason of the piston moving in the direction shown by the arrow, Eig. 7 When the piston moves in the opposite direction, the air contained in the space just referred to is transferred to the other side of the enlarged head C012 of the piston by the opening of the transfer-valve a and in this process of being transferred is compressed, because the volume of the air or gas is decreased by the entering of the smaller diameter A2 of the piston into the cylinder. When the piston again moves in the direction shown by the arrow, Fig. 7, the air or vapor is subjected to further compression until the out- 1et-valve a7 opens, and the contents are discharged through the outlet p into the pipe P.

lt is thus evident that when the charge is transferred from one side of the enlarged head of the piston to the other a com pression takes place and when the said charge is discharged from the cylinderit'is again compressed, and receiving two compressions makes it a compound compressor. The air or gas then enters the inlet c of the cooler C, where it is cooled by the water circulating on the outside of the tubes c4. The air leaves the cooler through the pipe R and enters the expander B through the opening b9, when it passes through t-he ports 196 and b3 into the cylinder in the space between the cylinder-head B5 and the enlarged head of the piston, the space containing the smaller diameter B2 of the piston, the piston traveling in the direction shown by the arrow, Fig. 12. When the piston has made a full or partial stroke, the valve B4 closes the port h3 to the opening b9 and causes the connection of the ports h3 and b2 by the transfer-opening bs, which causes the air or gas to escape from the side of the piston toward the cylinder-head B5 to the side toward the cylinder-head B, increasing the volume of the air or gas on account of the smaller diameter B2 of the piston not being contained in the cylinder on this latter side. The valve can be arranged to cut off the supply before the end of the stroke, which allows a certain expansion, and when the charge is transferred from one end of the cylinder to the other it evidently receives further expansion, and thus receiving two distinct expansions makes it a compound expander. When the piston is again moving in the direction shown, the air confined between the piston and the cylinder-head BG escapes by means of the port b2 and exhaust-cavities h7 and b4 through the opening Z910, when it enters the refrigerating-coils of the system. A water-inlet pipe is attached to the cooler C at o8, the water leaving the cooler through the piping S, which connects with the waterjacket of the compressor at s' and leaves through the opening shown at d20.

Having described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by United States Letters Patent- An ice-machine consisting of the combination; of a single-cylinder compound compressor, the plunger therein provided with an enlarged end and containing a cup-shaped valve; a cup-shaped inlet-valve, the turnedup edge of which is located near the cylindrical surface of the compressor; a retainingplate securing the inlet-valve to the cylinderhead of said compressor; a cup-shaped outlet-valve, between a given cage and an internal flange upon said compressor; a singlecylinder compound expander, a plunger with enlarged head located therein; a piston-valve containing a valve-spindle, with two main portions cored for the inlet and outlet ports of said expander, cup-shaped packing held on the spindle of said piston-valve between collars thereon and adapted to be easily ad- IOO IIO

justed a cooler having two heads, with an Signed at New York, in the county of New outer shell and tubes; piping connecting the York and State of New York, this 11th day of 1o compressor and cooler, and piping connect'- July, A. D. 1899. ing the cooler and expander, for the purpose 5 of conducting the compressed air from com- THOMAS GRANT' pressor to cooler, and from cooler to expander; Witnesses: in combination with means for regulating the CHAS. L. RASEE, motions of the compressor and expander. M. F. MADIGAN. 

